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In ancient Egypt, ink drawings on papyrus, often depicting people, were used as models for painting or sculpture. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a draftsman or draughtsman.ĭrawing goes back at least 16,000 years to Paleolithic cave representations of animals such as those at Lascaux in France and Altamira in Spain. The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. Digital tools that simulate the effects of these are also used. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool or moving a tool across a surface using dry media such as graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. In this chapter, the following visual arts forms are explored: drawing, painting, printmaking, calligraphy, photography, filmmaking, computer art, and sculpture.ĭrawing is a means of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. Visual arts are for visual purposes in nature however, visual arts also include applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design, decorative art, calligraphy, jewelry design, and wood craft (The Different Forms of Art, n.d.). Many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types. Visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture (UVA, n.d.). Online at Ħ Guide to Modern Japanese Woodblock Prints: 1900-1975, Helen Merritt, University of Hawaii Press, 1992, p. Kabuki no katsura which contains 670 drawings representing 400 types of wigs, published in 1959 by Engeki Shuppanshaĥ The Dark Years: 1931-1945, David Elliott, English translation of text appearing in the catalog for the 2006 exhibition 'Tokyo-Berlin / Berlin-Tokyo' held at the Mori Art Museum, Tokyo. 87.Ģ website of the National Library of Australia Ĥ e.g. However, I can find no reference in the literature mentioning Tsuda Seifū that suggests he had specific interest in kabuki, leaving it all a bit of a mystery.ġ Shin-Hanga: New Prints in Modern Japan, Kendall Brown, Hollis Goodall-Cristante, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1996, p. also made many moku-hanga for book illustrations in the years immediately following his return from France.' 6 5 Merritt notes that 'at some point, probably while working in Kyoto before the Russo-Japanese War, at the suggestion of Asai Chū (1856-1907), he designed and probably self-carved a number of blocks, which Yamada Naozo of Unsōdō ( Unsōdō Publishing) published under the title Small Art (Ko bijutsu).

Tsuda's most famous work is, perhaps, The Victim, a 1933 oil painting, which shows the death of proletarian novelist Kobayashi Takiji who had been tortured by the military police. Tsuda, along with Ishii and the novelist and painter Arishima Kiuma, founded the Nikakai (Second Division Society) Exhibition in 1914 or 1915 as a rival to the official government exhibition.

Tsuda Seifū was a contemporary of Ishii Hakutei's (1882-1958) whose sojourn in Paris from 1907-1911 overlapped with Ishii's.

It is also possible, if one accepts the birth and death dates of 18 for the Matsuda Seifū who created actor prints, that he is one in the same with the artist Tsuda Seifū 津田青楓 (1880-1978), the Kyoto-born painter who also designed woodblock prints. It is likely that the author and illustrator Matsuda Seifū, who illustrated and wrote several books on the wigs ( katsura) used in kabuki 4, is one and the same as the artist who designed the Kabuki actor prints that appeared in Shin Nigao.

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We do know that an artist with the name Matsuda Seifū created a number of small prints of kabuki actors ( nigao-e) for the 1915 art magazine, Shin Nigao and is also credited with the design of a series of actor prints in chuban format (about 7 1/2' x 10') around the same time. There is little information available in English about the Japanese artist Matsuda Seifū. Kendall Brown in Shi n-Hanga: New Prints in Modern Japan gives Matsuda's dates of existence as 1880-1978 1, but the National Library of Australia provides the dates 1896/7-1943 ,as well as 1892-1941, 2 and I have seen 1892-1941 given by several Japanese web sites, including The Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum as well as by the Library of Congress 3. 松田青風 followed by the character 畫 (picture) as printed on a print presentation sheet in the magazine Shin Nigao

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